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cause death or serious bodily injury, or (B) with the intent to cause extensive destruction of such a place, facility, or system, where such destruction results in or is likely to result in major economic loss, shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). (2) Attempts and conspiracies. - Whoever attempts or conspires to commit an offense under paragraph (1) shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). (b) Jurisdiction. - There is jurisdiction over the offenses in subsection (a) if - (1) the offense takes place in the United States and - (A) the offense is committed against another state or a government facility of such state, including its embassy or other diplomatic or consular premises of that state; (B) the offense is committed in an attempt to compel another state or the United States to do or abstain from doing any act; (C) at the time the offense is committed, it is committed - (i) on board a vessel flying the flag of another state; (ii) on board an aircraft which is registered under the laws of another state; or (iii) on board an aircraft which is operated by the government of another state; (D) a perpetrator is found outside the United States; (E) a perpetrator is a national of another state or a stateless person; or (F) a victim is a national of another state or a stateless person; (2) the offense takes place outside the United States and - (A) a perpetrator is a national of the United States or is a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States; (B) a victim is a national of the United States; (C) a perpetrator is found in the United States; (D) the offense is committed in an attempt to compel the United States to do or abstain from doing any act; (E) the offense is committed against a state or government facility of the United States, including an embassy or other diplomatic or consular premises of the United States; (F) the offense is committed on board a vessel flying the flag of the United States or an aircraft which is registered under the laws of the United States at the time the offense is committed; or (G) the offense is committed on board an aircraft which is operated by the United States. (c) Penalties. - Whoever violates this section shall be punished as provided under section 2332a(a) of this title. (d) Exemptions to Jurisdiction. - This section does not apply to - (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law, (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties; or (3) offenses committed within the United States, where the alleged offender and the victims are United States citizens and the alleged offender is found in the United States, or where jurisdiction is predicated solely on the nationality of the victims or the alleged offender and the offense has no substantial effect on interstate or foreign commerce. (e) Definitions. - As used in this section, the term - (1) "serious bodily injury" has the meaning given that term in section 1365(g)(3) of this title; (!1) (2) "national of the United States" has the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)); (3) "state or government facility" includes any permanent or temporary facility or conveyance that is used or occupied by representatives of a state, members of Government, the legislature or the judiciary or by officials or employees of a state or any other public authority or entity or by employees or officials of an intergovernmental organization in connection with their official duties; (4) "intergovernmental organization" includes international organization (as defined in section 1116(b)(5) of this title); (5) "infrastructure facility" means any publicly or privately owned facility providing or distributing services for the benefit of the public, such as water, sewage, energy, fuel, or communications; (6) "place of public use" means those parts of any building, land, street, waterway, or other location that are accessible or open to members of the public, whether continuously, periodically, or occasionally, and encompasses any commercial, business, cultural, historical, educational, religious, governmental, entertainment, recreational, or similar place that is so accessible or open to the public; (7) "public transportation system" means all facilities, conveyances, and instrumentalities, whether publicly or privately owned, that are used in or for publicly available services for the transportation of persons or cargo; (8) "explosive" has the meaning given in section 844(j) of this title insofar that it is designed, or has the capability, to cause death, serious bodily injury, or substantial material damage; (9) "other lethal device" means any weapon or device that is designed or has the capability to cause death, serious bodily injury, or substantial damage to property through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic chemicals, biological agents, or toxins (as those terms are defined in section 178 of this title) or radiation or radioactive material; (10) "military forces of a state" means the armed forces of a state which are organized, trained, and equipped under its internal law for the primary purpose of national defense or security, and persons acting in support of those armed forces who are under their formal command, control, and responsibility; (11) "armed conflict" does not include internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence, and other acts of a similar nature; and (12) "state" has the same meaning as that term has under international law, and includes all political subdivisions thereof. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 107-197, title I, Sec. 102(a), June 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 721.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 1365(g)(3), referred to in subsec. (e)(1), was redesignated section 1365(h)(3) by Pub. L. 107-307, Sec. 2(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2445. -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 107-197, title I, Sec. 103, June 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 724, provided that: "Section 102 [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect on the date that the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings enters into force for the United States [July 26, 2002]." DISCLAIMER Pub. L. 107-197, title I, Sec. 102(c), June 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 724, provided that: "Nothing contained in this section [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note above] is intended to affect the applicability of any other Federal or State law which might pertain to the underlying conduct." -SECREF- SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2332b, 2339A, 2516 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2333 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2333. Civil remedies -STATUTE- (a) Action and Jurisdiction. - Any national of the United States injured in his or her person, property, or business by reason of an act of international terrorism, or his or her estate, survivors, or heirs, may sue therefor in any appropriate district court of the United States and shall recover threefold the damages he or she sustains and the cost of the suit, including attorney's fees. (b) Estoppel Under United States Law. - A final judgment or decree rendered in favor of the United States in any criminal proceeding under section 1116, 1201, 1203, or 2332 of this title or section 46314, 46502, 46505, or 46506 of title 49 shall estop the defendant from denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense in any subsequent civil proceeding under this section. (c) Estoppel Under Foreign Law. - A final judgment or decree rendered in favor of any foreign state in any criminal proceeding shall, to the extent that such judgment or decree may be accorded full faith and credit under the law of the United States, estop the defendant from denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense in any subsequent civil proceeding under this section. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 102-572, title X, Sec. 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4522; amended Pub. L. 103-429, Sec. 2(1), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1994 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-429 substituted "section 46314, 46502, 46505, or 46506 of title 49" for "section 902(i), (k), (l), (n), or (r) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. App. 1472(i), (k), (l), (n), or (r))". EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before Oct. 29, 1992, see section 1003(c) of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 2331 of this title. -SECREF- SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2334 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2334. Jurisdiction and venue -STATUTE- (a) General Venue. - Any civil action under section 2333 of this title against any person may be instituted in the district court of the United States for any district where any plaintiff resides or where any defendant resides or is served, or has an agent. Process in such a civil action may be served in any district where the defendant resides, is found, or has an agent. (b) Special Maritime or Territorial Jurisdiction. - If the actions giving rise to the claim occurred within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, as defined in section 7 of this title, then any civil action under section 2333 of this title against any person may be instituted in the district court of the United States for any district in which any plaintiff resides or the defendant resides, is served, or has an agent. (c) Service on Witnesses. - A witness in a civil action brought under section 2333 of this title may be served in any other district where the defendant resides, is found, or has an agent. (d) Convenience of the Forum. - The district court shall not dismiss any action brought under section 2333 of this title on the grounds of the inconvenience or inappropriateness of the forum chosen, unless - (1) the action may be maintained in a foreign court that has jurisdiction over the subject matter and over all the defendants; (2) that foreign court is significantly more convenient and appropriate; and (3) that foreign court offers a remedy which is substantially the same as the one available in the courts of the United States. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 102-572, title X, Sec. 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4522.) -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before Oct. 29, 1992, see section 1003(c) of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 2331 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2335 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2335. Limitation of actions -STATUTE- (a) In General. - Subject to subsection (b), a suit for recovery of damages under section 2333 of this title shall not be maintained unless commenced within 4 years after the date the cause of action accrued. (b) Calculation of Period. - The time of the absence of the defendant from the United States or from any jurisdiction in which the same or a similar action arising from the same facts may be maintained by the plaintiff, or of any concealment of the defendant's whereabouts, shall not be included in the 4-year period set forth in subsection (a). -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 102-572, title X, Sec. 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4523.) -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before Oct. 29, 1992, see section 1003(c) of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 2331 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2336 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2336. Other limitations -STATUTE- (a) Acts of War. - No action shall be maintained under section 2333 of this title for injury or loss by reason of an act of war. (b) Limitation on Discovery. - If a party to an action under section 2333 seeks to discover the investigative files of the Department of Justice, the Assistant Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, or Attorney General may object on the ground that compliance will interfere with a criminal investigation or prosecution of the incident, or a national security operation related to the incident, which is the subject of the civil litigation. The court shall evaluate any such objections in camera and shall stay the discovery if the court finds that granting the discovery request will substantially interfere with a criminal investigation or prosecution of the incident or a national security operation related to the incident. The court shall consider the likelihood of criminal prosecution by the Government and other factors it deems to be appropriate. A stay of discovery under this subsection shall constitute a bar to the granting of a motion to dismiss under rules 12(b)(6) and 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. If the court grants a stay of discovery under this subsection, it may stay the action in the interests of justice. (c) Stay of Action for Civil Remedies. - (1) The Attorney General may intervene in any civil action brought under section 2333 for the purpose of seeking a stay of the civil action. A stay shall be granted if the court finds that the continuation of the civil action will substantially interfere with a criminal prosecution which involves the same subject matter and in which an indictment has been returned, or interfere with national security operations related to the terrorist incident that is the subject of the civil action. A stay may be granted for up to 6 months. The Attorney General may petition the court for an extension of the stay for additional 6-month periods until the criminal prosecution is completed or dismissed. (2) In a proceeding under this subsection, the Attorney General may request that any order issued by the court for release to the parties and the public omit any reference to the basis on which the stay was sought. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 102-572, title X, Sec. 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4523.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before Oct. 29, 1992, see section 1003(c) of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 2331 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2337 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2337. Suits against Government officials -STATUTE- No action shall be maintained under section 2333 of this title against - (1) the United States, an agency of the United States, or an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof acting within his or her official capacity or under color of legal authority; or (2) a foreign state, an agency of a foreign state, or an officer or employee of a foreign state or an agency thereof acting within his or her official capacity or under color of legal authority. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 102-572, title X, Sec. 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4523.) -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before Oct. 29, 1992, see section 1003(c) of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 2331 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2338 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2338. Exclusive Federal jurisdiction -STATUTE- The district courts of the United States shall have exclusive jurisdiction over an action brought under this chapter. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 102-572, title X, Sec. 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4524.) -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before Oct. 29, 1992, see section 1003(c) of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 2331 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2339 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 113B - TERRORISM -HEAD- Sec. 2339. Harboring or concealing terrorists -STATUTE- (a) Whoever harbors or conceals any person who he knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe, has committed, or is about to commit, an offense under section 32 (relating to destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities), section 175 (relating to biological weapons), section 229 (relating to chemical weapons), section 831 (relating to nuclear materials), paragraph (2) or (3) of section 844(f) (rela

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