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ieve that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony; (D) offer and pay rewards for services and information leading to the apprehension of persons involved in the violation or potential violation of those provisions of law which the Secret Service is authorized to enforce; (E) pay expenses for unforeseen emergencies of a confidential nature under the direction of the Secretary of Homeland Security and accounted for solely on the Secretary's certificate; and (F) perform such other functions and duties as are authorized by law. (2) Funds expended from appropriations available to the Secret Service for the purchase of counterfeits and subsequently recovered shall be reimbursed to the appropriations available to the Secret Service at the time of the reimbursement. (d) Whoever knowingly and willfully obstructs, resists, or interferes with a Federal law enforcement agent engaged in the performance of the protective functions authorized by this section or by section 1752 of this title shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (e)(1) When directed by the President, the United States Secret Service is authorized to participate, under the direction of the Secretary of Homeland Security, in the planning, coordination, and implementation of security operations at special events of national significance, as determined by the President. (2) At the end of each fiscal year, the President through such agency or office as the President may designate, shall report to the Congress - (A) what events, if any, were designated special events of national significance for security purposes under paragraph (1); and (B) the criteria and information used in making each designation. (f) Under the direction of the Secretary of Homeland Security, officers and agents of the Secret Service are authorized, at the request of any State or local law enforcement agency, or at the request of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, to provide forensic and investigative assistance in support of any investigation involving missing or exploited children. -SOURCE- (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 818; July 16, 1951, ch. 226, Sec. 4, 65 Stat. 122; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1143, Sec. 2, 68 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 86-168, title I, Sec. 104(h), Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 387; Pub. L. 87-791, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 809; Pub. L. 87-829, Sec. 3, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 956; Pub. L. 89-186, Sept. 15, 1965, 79 Stat. 791; Pub. L. 89-218, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 90-608, ch. XI, Sec. 1101, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1198; Pub. L. 91-644, title V, Sec. 19, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1892; Pub. L. 91-651, Sec. 4, Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1941; Pub. L. 93-346, Sec. 8, July 12, 1974, as added Pub. L. 93-552, title VI, Sec. 609(a), Dec. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 1765; Pub. L. 94-408, Sec. 2, Sept. 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 97-297, Sec. 3, Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1318; Pub. L. 97-308, Sec. 2, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1452; Pub. L. 98-151, Sec. 115(b), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 977; Pub. L. 98-587, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3110; Pub. L. 103-329, title V, Sec. 530, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2412; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 605(i), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3510; Pub. L. 106-544, Sec. 3, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2716; Pub. L. 107-56, title V, Sec. 506(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 367; Pub. L. 107-296, title XVII, Sec. 1703(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 108-21, title III, Sec. 322, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 665.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 148, and on sections 264(x) and 986 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, Sec. 12B, subsection (x), as added June 16, 1933, ch. 89, Sec. 8, 48 Stat. 178; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, Sec. 31, sixth paragraph, 39 Stat. 382 (384); Dec. 11, 1926, ch. 2, Sec. 3, 44 Stat. 918; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, Sec. 101, 49 Stat. 684, 703). Section consolidates said section 148 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and said sections 264(x) and 986 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking. Said section 148 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, was concerned with offenses relating to counterfeiting and passing, etc., of transportation requests and to the unlawful possession or making of plates, stones, etc., used in making such requests, which were defined in sections 146 and 147 of said title 18, now sections 508 and 509 of this title. Said sections 264(x) and 986 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, were concerned with various offenses as defined in sections 981-985, 987 of said title 12, relating to Federal land banks, joint-stock land banks and national farm loan associations, and as defined in section 264 of said title 12 relating to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. All of the provisions of said sections 981-985, 987 of said title 12, and the criminal provisions of said section 264 of said title 12, were transferred to this title where they were, in some instances, consolidated with similar provisions from other sections. Such provisions are now incorporated in sections 218, 221, 433, 493, 657, 709, 1006, 1007, 1011, 1013, 1014, 1907, and 1909 of this title. In most instances, these sections, as the result of the consolidations, relate to other organizations as well as those mentioned above, but, by enumerating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal land banks, joint-stock land banks, and national farm loan associations in this section, the powers of the Secret Service are not broadened beyond what they were in said sections 264(x) and 986 of said title 12. In this section, the wording of said section 148 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and section 986 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking reading "The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to direct and use the Secret Service Division of the Treasury Department" was adopted, rather than the wording of said section 264(x) of said title 12, which read "The Secret Service Division of the Treasury Department is authorized." Words "of the United States marshal having jurisdiction", following "custody" in all three of said sections, were omitted as surplusage. Changes were made in phraseology. -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 216 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1107(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2146. -MISC2- AMENDMENTS 2003 - Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108-21 added subsec. (f). 2002 - Subsecs. (a) to (c)(1), (e)(1). Pub. L. 107-296 substituted "of Homeland Security" for "of the Treasury" wherever appearing. 2001 - Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107-56 substituted "access device frauds, false identification documents or devices, and any fraud or other criminal or unlawful activity in or against any federally insured financial institution" for "credit and debit card frauds, and false identification documents or devices". 2000 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106-544 added subsec. (e). 1996 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104-294 redesignated subpars. (1) and (2) as (A) and (B), respectively, and realigned margins. 1994 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103-329, Sec. 530(a), inserted before period at end "unless the former President did not serve as President prior to January 1, 1997, in which case, former Presidents and their spouses for a period of not more than ten years from the date a former President leaves office, except that - "(1) protection of a spouse shall terminate in the event of remarriage or the divorce from, or death of a former President; and "(2) should the death of a President occur while in office or within one year after leaving office, the spouse shall receive protection for one year from the time of such death: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury shall have the authority to direct the Secret Service to provide temporary protection for any of these individuals at any time if the Secretary of the Treasury or designee determines that information or conditions warrant such protection". Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103-329, Sec. 530(b), inserted before period at end "for a period not to exceed ten years or upon the child becoming 16 years of age, whichever comes first". 1984 - Pub. L. 98-587 amended section generally, providing authority for the Secret Service to conduct criminal investigations of, make arrests in, and present for prosecutorial consideration, cases relating to electronic fund transfer frauds, and providing the Secret Service with authority to conduct investigations and make arrests relating to credit and debit card frauds, and false identification documents and devices, to be exercised subject to the agreement of the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury. 1983 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98-151 inserted reference to section 510 of this section in fifth clause. 1982 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97-297, Sec. 3(1), substituted "871, and 879 of this title" for "and 871 of this title". Pub. L. 97-297, Sec. 3(2), substituted "and Federal land bank associations are concerned, of sections 213, 216" for ", joint-stock land banks and Federal land bank associations are concerned, of sections 218, 221". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-308 increased the limitation on fines to $1,000 from $300. 1976 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-408 substituted ", and the members of their immediate families unless the members decline such protection;" for "; protect the members of the immediate family of the Vice-President, unless such protection is declined;". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-408 inserted reference to other Federal law enforcement agents. 1974 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93-552 inserted provisions relating to the protection of the immediate family of the Vice President unless declined, and the payment of expenses for unforeseen emergencies of a confidential nature under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury and accounted for solely on his certificate. 1971 - Pub. L. 91-651 authorized the Secret Service to protect the person of a visiting head of a foreign state or foreign government and, at the direction of the President, other distinguished foreign visitors to the United States and official representatives of the United States performing special missions abroad, and substituted "Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Directors, Assistants to the Director" for "Chief, Deputy Chief, Assistant Chief". Pub. L. 91-644 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). 1968 - Pub. L. 90-608 substituted the death or remarriage of a former President's widow and the attainment by his minor children of age 16 for the passage of a period of four years after he leaves or dies in office as the events terminating Secret Service protection for the widow and minor children, respectively, of a former President. 1965 - Pub. L. 89-218 authorized the Chief, Deputy Chief, Assistant Chief, inspectors, and agents of the Secret Service to make arrests without warrant for offenses committed against the United States in their presence or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if they have reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing the felony and substituted "508, 509, and 871" for "508 and 509". Pub. L. 89-186 substituted provision for the protection of the person of a former President and his wife during his lifetime and the person of a widow and minor children of a former President for a period of four years after he leaves or dies in office, unless the protection is declined, for provision calling for the protection of a former President, at his request, for a reasonable period after he leaves office. 1962 - Pub. L. 87-829 authorized the protection of the Vice President, without requiring his request therefor, and any officer next in the order of succession to the office of President, the Vice-President-elect, and of a former president, at his request, for a reasonable period after he leaves office. Pub. L. 87-791 required moneys expended from Secret Service appropriations for the purchase of counterfeits and subsequently recovered to be reimbursed to the appropriation current at the time of deposit. 1959 - Pub. L. 86-168 substituted "Federal land bank associations" for "national farm loan associations". 1954 - Act Aug. 31, 1954, struck out "detect, and arrest any person violating any laws of the United States directly concerning official matters administered by and under the direct control of the Treasury Department". 1951 - Act July 16, 1951, provided basic authority for the Secret Service to perform certain functions and activities heretofore carried out by virtue of authority contained in appropriation acts. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107-296 effective on the date of transfer of the United States Secret Service to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1703(b) of Pub. L. 107-296, set out as a note under section 202 of Title 3, The President. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 93-552 effective July 12, 1974, see section 609(b) of Pub. L. 93-552, set out as a note under section 202 of Title 3, The President. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1959 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 86-168 effective Dec. 31, 1959, see section 104(k) of Pub. L. 86-168. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. -MISC3- FUNDS FOR TRAINING Pub. L. 108-90, title II, Oct. 1, 2003, 117 Stat. 1145, provided in part: "That in fiscal year 2004 and thereafter, subject to the reimbursement of actual costs to this account, funds appropriated in this account shall be available, at the discretion of the Director, for the following: training United States Postal Service law enforcement personnel and Postal police officers, training Federal law enforcement officers, training State and local government law enforcement officers on a space-available basis, and training private sector security officials on a space-available basis". EXPANSION OF NATIONAL ELECTRONIC CRIME TASK FORCE INITIATIVE Pub. L. 107-56, title I, Sec. 105, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 277, provided that: "The Director of the United States Secret Service shall take appropriate actions to develop a national network of electronic crime task forces, based on the New York Electronic Crimes Task Force model, throughout the United States, for the purpose of preventing, detecting, and investigating various forms of electronic crimes, including potential terrorist attacks against critical infrastructure and financial payment systems." NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER Pub. L. 106-544, Sec. 4, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2716, provided that: "(a) Establishment. - The United States Secret Service (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Service'), at the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, may establish the National Threat Assessment Center (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Center') as a unit within the Service. "(b) Functions. - The Service may provide the following to Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies through the Center: "(1) Training in the area of threat assessment. "(2) Consultation on complex threat assessment cases or plans. "(3) Research on threat assessment and the prevention of targeted violence. "(4) Facilitation of information sharing among all such agencies with protective or public safety responsibilities. "(5) Programs to promote the standardization of Federal, State, and local threat assessments and investigations involving threats. "(6) Any other activities the Secretary determines are necessary to implement a comprehensive threat assessment capability. "(c) Report. - Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 2000], the Service shall submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives detailing the manner in which the Center will operate." TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT TO UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE BY WHITE HOUSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(b) [title VIII, Sec. 8100], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-71, 3009-108, as amended by Pub. L. 106-92, Sec. 2, Nov. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1309, provided that: "Beginning in fiscal year 1997 and thereafter, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, fixed and mobile telecommunications support shall be provided by the White House Communications Agency (WHCA) to the United States Secret Service (USSS), without reimbursement, in connection with the Secret Service's duties directly related to the protection of the President or the Vice President or other officer immediately next in order of succession to the office of the President at the White House Security Complex in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area and Camp David, Maryland. For these purposes, the White House Security Complex includes the White House, the White House grounds, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building, the New Executive Office Building, the Blair House, the Treasury Building, and the Vice President's Residence at the Naval Observatory." OFF-SET OF COSTS OF PROTECTING FORMER PRESIDENTS AND SPOUSES Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(f) [title V, Sec. 509], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-314, 3009-345, provided that: "The United States Secret Service may, during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1997, and hereafter, accept donations of money to off-set costs incurred while protecting former Presidents and spouses of former Presidents when the former President or spouse travels for the purpose of making an appearance or speech for a payment of money or any thing of value." Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts: Pub. L. 104-52, title V, Sec. 509, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 492.

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