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and address of the protected person to the other parent and terminate any financial assistance to the protected person unless otherwise directed by the court. (6) The United States shall be required by the court to pay litigation costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by a parent who prevails in enforcing a custody or visitation order; but shall retain the right to recover such costs from the protected person. (e)(1) In any case in which the Attorney General determines that, as a result of the relocation of a person and a child of whom that person is a parent in connection with protection provided under this chapter, the implementation of a court order with respect to custody or visitation of that child would be substantially impossible, the Attorney General may bring, on behalf of the person provided protection under this chapter, an action to modify the court order. Such action may be brought in the district court for the district in which the parent resides who would not be or was not relocated in connection with the protection provided under this chapter. In an action brought under this paragraph, if the Attorney General establishes, by clear and convincing evidence, that implementation of the court order involved would be substantially impossible, the court may modify the court order but shall, subject to appropriate security considerations, provide an alternative as substantially equivalent to the original rights of the nonrelocating parent as feasible under the circumstances. (2) With respect to any State court order in effect to which this section applies, and with respect to any district court order in effect which is issued under this section, if the parent who is not relocated in connection with protection provided under this chapter intentionally violates a reasonable security requirement imposed by the Attorney General with respect to the implementation of that court order, the Attorney General may bring an action in the district court for the district in which that parent resides to modify the court order. The court may modify the court order if the court finds such an intentional violation. (3) The procedures for mediation and arbitration provided under subsection (d) of this section shall not apply to actions for modification brought under this subsection. (f) In any case in which a person provided protection under this chapter is the parent of a child of whom that person has custody and has obligations to another parent of that child concerning custody and visitation of that child which are not imposed by court order, that person, or the parent not relocated in connection with such protection, may bring an action in the district court of the district in which that parent not relocated resides to obtain an order providing for custody or visitation, or both, of that child. In any such action, all the provisions of subsection (d) of this section shall apply. (g) In any case in which an action under this section involves court orders from different States with respect to custody or visitation of the same child, the court shall resolve any conflicts by applying the rules of conflict of laws of the State in which the court is sitting. (h)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the costs of any action described in subsection (d), (e), or (f) of this section shall be paid by the United States. (2) The Attorney General shall insure that any State court order in effect to which this section applies and any district court order in effect which is issued under this section are carried out. The Department of Justice shall pay all costs and fees described in subsections (c) and (d) of this section. (i) As used in this section, the term "parent" includes any person who stands in the place of a parent by law. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1208, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2159.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -SECREF- SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 3523 of this title. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3525 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 224 - PROTECTION OF WITNESSES -HEAD- Sec. 3525. Victims Compensation Fund -STATUTE- (a) The Attorney General may pay restitution to, or in the case of death, compensation for the death of any victim of a crime that causes or threatens death or serious bodily injury and that is committed by any person during a period in which that person is provided protection under this chapter. (b) Not later than four months after the end of each fiscal year, the Attorney General shall transmit to the Congress a detailed report on payments made under this section for such year. (c) There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year 1985 and for each fiscal year thereafter, $1,000,000 for payments under this section. (d) The Attorney General shall establish guidelines and procedures for making payments under this section. The payments to victims under this section shall be made for the types of expenses provided for in section 3579(b) (!1) of this title, except that in the case of the death of the victim, an amount not to exceed $50,000 may be paid to the victim's estate. No payment may be made under this section to a victim unless the victim has sought restitution and compensation provided under Federal or State law or by civil action. Such payments may be made only to the extent the victim, or the victim's estate, has not otherwise received restitution and compensation, including insurance payments, for the crime involved. Payments may be made under this section to victims of crimes occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this chapter.(!1) In the case of a crime occurring before the date of the enactment of this chapter,(!1) a payment may be made under this section only in the case of the death of the victim, and then only in an amount not exceeding $25,000, and such a payment may be made notwithstanding the requirements of the third sentence of this subsection. (e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a cause of action against the United States. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1208, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2162.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 3579(b) of this title, referred to in subsec. (d), was renumbered section 3663(b) of this title by Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 212(a)(1), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1987. The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 98-473, which was approved Oct. 12, 1984. -MISC1- RESTITUTION TO ESTATE OF VICTIMS KILLED BEFORE OCTOBER 12, 1984; LIMITATION Pub. L. 99-180, title II, Sec. 200, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1142, provided: "That restitution of not to exceed $25,000 shall be paid to the estate of victims killed before October 12, 1984 as a result of crimes committed by persons who have been enrolled in the Federal witness protection program, if such crimes were committed within two years after protection was terminated, notwithstanding any limitations contained in part (a) of section 3525 of title 18 of the United States Code." SIMILAR PROVISIONS Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 99-88, title I, Sec. 100, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 303. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3526 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 224 - PROTECTION OF WITNESSES -HEAD- Sec. 3526. Cooperation of other Federal agencies and State governments; reimbursement of expenses -STATUTE- (a) Each Federal agency shall cooperate with the Attorney General in carrying out the provisions of this chapter and may provide, on a reimbursable basis, such personnel and services as the Attorney General may request in carrying out those provisions. (b) In any case in which a State government requests the Attorney General to provide protection to any person under this chapter - (1) the Attorney General may enter into an agreement with that State government in which that government agrees to reimburse the United States for expenses incurred in providing protection to that person under this chapter; and (2) the Attorney General shall enter into an agreement with that State government in which that government agrees to cooperate with the Attorney General in carrying out the provisions of this chapter with respect to all persons. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1208, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2162.) -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3527 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 224 - PROTECTION OF WITNESSES -HEAD- Sec. 3527. Additional authority of Attorney General -STATUTE- The Attorney General may enter into such contracts or other agreements as may be necessary to carry out this chapter. Any such contract or agreement which would result in the United States being obligated to make outlays may be entered into only to the extent and in such amount as may be provided in advance in an appropriation Act. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1208, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2163.) -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3528 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 224 - PROTECTION OF WITNESSES -HEAD- Sec. 3528. Definition -STATUTE- For purposes of this chapter, the term "State" means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1208, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2163.) -End- -CITE- 18 USC CHAPTER 225 - VERDICT 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 225 - VERDICT -HEAD- CHAPTER 225 - VERDICT -MISC1- Sec. 3531. Return; several defendants; conviction of less offense; poll of jury - Rule. 3532. Setting aside verdict of guilty; judgment notwithstanding verdict - Rule. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3531 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 225 - VERDICT -HEAD- Sec. 3531. Return; several defendants; conviction of less offense; poll of jury - (Rule) -STATUTE- -MISC1- SEE FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Verdict to be unanimous; return; several defendants; disagreement; conviction of less offense; poll of jury, Rule 31. -SOURCE- (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837.) -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3532 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 225 - VERDICT -HEAD- Sec. 3532. Setting aside verdict of guilty; judgment notwithstanding verdict - (Rule) -STATUTE- -MISC1- SEE FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Setting aside verdict of guilty on motion for judgment of acquittal, entering of such judgment, or ordering new trial; absence of verdict, Rule 29(b). -SOURCE- (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837.) -End- -CITE- 18 USC CHAPTER 227 - SENTENCES 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 227 - SENTENCES -HEAD- CHAPTER 227 - SENTENCES -MISC1- Subchapter Sec.(!1) A. General Provisions 3551 B. Probation 3561 C. Fines 3571 D. Imprisonment 3581 PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior chapter 227 (Sec. 3561 et seq.) was repealed (except sections 3577 to 3580 which were renumbered sections 3661 to 3664, respectively), by Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Secs. 212(a)(1), (2), 235(a)(1), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1987, 2031, as amended, effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal. See Effective Date note set out under section 3551 of this title. Section 3561, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837, related to judgment form and entry - (Rule). Section 3562, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837, related to sentence - (Rule). Section 3563, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837, related to corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. Section 3564, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837, related to pillory and whipping. Section 3565, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837; Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Secs. 235(a)(1), 238(g)(1), (i), 98 Stat. 2031, 2039; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98-596, Secs. 2, 12(a)(7)(A), (9), (b), 98 Stat. 3134, 3139, 3140; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, 100 Stat. 2095, related to collection and payment of fines and penalties. Section 3566, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 837, related to execution of death sentence. Section 3567, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 838, related to death sentence may prescribe dissection. Section 3568, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 838; Sept. 2, 1960, Pub. L. 86-691, Sec. 1(a), 74 Stat. 738; June 22, 1966, Pub. L. 89-465, Sec. 4, 80 Stat. 217, related to effective date of sentence and credit for time in custody prior to the imposition of sentence. Section 3569, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 838; Oct. 17, 1968, Pub. L. 90-578, title III, Sec. 301(a)(1), (3), 82 Stat. 1115; Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Secs. 235(a)(1), 238(h), (i), 98 Stat. 2031, 2039; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98-596, Secs. 3, 12(a)(8), (9), (b), 98 Stat. 3136, 3139, 3140, related to discharge of indigent prisoner. Section 3570, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 839, related to presidential remission as affecting unremitted part. Section 3571, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 839, related to clerical mistakes - (Rule). Section 3572, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 839, related to correction or reduction of sentence - (Rule). Section 3573, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 839, related to arrest or setting aside of judgment - (Rule). Section 3574, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 839, related to stay of execution and supersedeas - (Rule). Section 3575, added Pub. L. 91-452, title X, Sec. 1001(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 948, related to increased sentence for dangerous special offenders. Section 3576, added Pub. L. 91-452, title X, Sec. 1001(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 950, related to review of sentence. Section 3577 renumbered section 3661 of this title. Section 3578 renumbered section 3662 of this title. Section 3579 renumbered section 3663 of this title. Section 3580 renumbered section 3664 of this title. -SECREF- CHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This chapter is referred to in sections 3664, 3673 of this title; title 42 section 300i-2. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) Editorially supplied. -End- -CITE- 18 USC SUBCHAPTER A - GENERAL PROVISIONS 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 227 - SENTENCES SUBCHAPTER A - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER A - GENERAL PROVISIONS -MISC1- SUBCHAPTER A - GENERAL PROVISIONS (!1) Sec. 3551. Authorized sentences. 3552. Presentence reports. 3553. Imposition of a sentence. 3554. Order of criminal forfeiture. 3555. Order of notice to victims. 3556. Order of restitution. 3557. Review of a sentence. 3558. Implementation of a sentence. 3559. Sentencing classification of offenses. AMENDMENTS 1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330010(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2143, transferred analysis for this subchapter to follow heading of this subchapter. -SECREF- SUBCHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This subchapter is referred to in section 3565 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) So in original. Probably should not appear. -End- -CITE- 18 USC Sec. 3551 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 227 - SENTENCES SUBCHAPTER A - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 3551. Authorized sentences -STATUTE- (a) In General. - Except as otherwise specifically provided, a defendant who has been found guilty of an offense described in any Federal statute, including sections 13 and 1153 of this title, other than an Act of Congress applicable exclusively in the District of Columbia or the Uniform Code of Military Justice, shall be sentenced in accordance with the provisions of this chapter so as to achieve the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section 3553(a)(2) to the extent that they are applicable in light of all the circumstances of the case. (b) Individuals. - An individual found guilty of an offense shall be sentenced, in accordance with the provisions of section 3553, to - (1) a term of probation as authorized by subchapter B; (2) a fine as authorized by subchapter C; or (3) a term of imprisonment as authorized by subchapter D. A sentence to pay a fin

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