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This Convention shall not abrogate multilateral or bilateral copyright conventions or arrangements that are or may be in effect exclusively between two or more American Republics. In the event of any difference either between the provisions of such existing conventions or arrangements and the provisions of this Convention, or between the provisions of this Convention and those of any new convention or arrangement which may be formulated between two or more American Republics after this Convention comes into force, the convention or arrangement most recently formulated shall prevail between the parties thereto. Rights in works acquired in any Contracting State under existing conventions or arrangements before the date this Convention comes into force in such State shall not be affected. ARTICLE XIX This Convention shall not abrogate multilateral or bilateral conventions or arrangements in effect between two or more Contracting States. In the event of any difference between the provisions of such existing conventions or arrangements and the provisions of this Convention, the provisions of this Convention shall prevail. Rights in works acquired in any Contracting State under existing conventions or arrangements before the date on which this Convention comes into force in such State shall not be affected. Nothing in this article shall affect the provisions of article XVII and XVIII of this Convention. ARTICLE XX Reservations to this Convention shall not be permitted. ARTICLE XXI The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall send duly certified copies of this Convention to the States interested, to the Swiss Federal Council and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration by him. He shall also inform all interested States of the ratifications, acceptances and accessions which have been deposited, the date on which this Convention comes into force, the notifications under Article XIII of this Convention, and denunciations under Article XIV. APPENDIX DECLARATION RELATING TO ARTICLE XVII The States which are members of the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and which are signatories to the Universal Copyright Convention, Desiring to reinforce their mutual relations on the basis of the said Union and to avoid any conflict which might result from the co-existence of the Convention of Berne and the Universal Convention, Have, by common agreement, accepted the terms of the following declaration: (a) Works which, according to the Berne Convention, have as their country of origin a country which has withdrawn from the International Union created by the said Convention, after January 1, 1951, shall not be protected by the Universal Copyright Convention in the countries of the Berne Union; (b) The Universal Copyright Convention shall not be applicable to the relationships among countries of the Berne Union insofar as it relates to the protection of works having as their country of origin, within the meaning of the Berne Convention, a country of the International Union created by the said Convention. RESOLUTION CONCERNING ARTICLE XI THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL COPYRIGHT CONFERENCE Having considered the problems relating to the Intergovernmental Committee provided for in Article XI of the Universal Copyright Convention RESOLVES 1. The first members of the Committee shall be representatives of the following twelve States, each of those States designating one representative and an alternate: Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States of America. 2. The Committee shall be constituted as soon as the Convention comes into force in accordance with article XI of this Convention; 3. The Committee shall elect its Chairman and one Vice-Chairman. It shall establish its rules of procedure having regard to the following principles: (a) the normal duration of the term of office of the representatives shall be six years; with one third retiring every two years; (b) before the expiration of the term of office of any members, the Committee shall decide which States shall cease to be represented on it and which States shall be called upon to designate representatives; the representatives of those States which have not ratified, accepted or acceded shall be the first to retire; (c) the different parts of the world shall be fairly represented; AND EXPRESSES THE WISH that the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization provide its Secretariat. In faith whereof the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have signed this Convention. Done at Geneva, this sixth day of September, 1952 in a single copy. Protocol 1 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention concerning the application of that Convention to the works of stateless persons and refugees The States parties hereto, being also parties to the Universal Copyright Convention (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention") have accepted the following provisions: 1. Stateless persons and refugees who have their habitual residence in a State party to this Protocol shall, for the purposes of the Convention, be assimilated to the nationals of that State. 2. (a) This Protocol shall be signed and shall be subject to ratification or acceptance, or may be acceded to, as if the provisions of article VIII of the Convention applied hereto. (b) This Protocol shall enter into force in respect of each State, on the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State concerned or on the date of entry into force of the Convention with respect to such State, whichever is the later. In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol. Done at Geneva this sixth day of September, 1952, in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited with the Director-General of Unesco. The Director-General shall send certified copies to the signatory States, to the Swiss Federal Council and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration. Protocol 2 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention, concerning the application of that Convention to the works of certain international organizations The State parties hereto, being also parties to the Universal Copyright Convention (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"), Have accepted the following provisions: 1. (a) The protection provided for in article II (1) of the Convention shall apply to works published for the first time by the United Nations, by the Specialized Agencies in relationship therewith, or by the Organisation of American States; (b) Similarly, article II (2) of the Convention shall apply to the said organisation or agencies. 2. (a) This Protocol shall be signed and shall be subject to ratification or acceptance, or may be acceded to, as if the provisions of article VIII of the Convention applied hereto. (b) This Protocol shall enter into force for each State on the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession of the State concerned or on the date of entry into force of the Convention with respect to such State, whichever is the later. In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol. Done at Geneva, this sixth day of September, 1952, in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited with the Director-General of the Unesco. The Director-General shall send certificated copies to the signatory States, to the Swiss Federal Council, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration. Protocol 3 annexed to the Universal Copyright Convention concerning the effective date of instruments of ratification or acceptance of or accession to that Convention States parties hereto, Recognizing that the application of the Universal Copyright Convention (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention") to States participating in all the international copyright systems already in force will contribute greatly to the value of the Convention; Have agreed as follows: 1. Any State party hereto may, on depositing its instrument of ratification or acceptance of or accession to the Convention, notify the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (hereinafter referred to as "Director-General") that that instrument shall not take effect for the purposes of Article IX of the Convention until any other State named in such notification shall have deposited its instrument. 2. The notification referred to in paragraph 1 above shall accompany the instrument to which it relates. 3. The Director-General shall inform all States signatory or which have then acceded to the Convention of any notifications received in accordance with this Protocol. 4. This Protocol shall bear the same date and shall remain open for signature for the same period as the Convention. 5. It shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by the signatory States. Any State which has not signed this Protocol may accede thereto. 6. (a) Ratification or acceptance or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Director-General. (b) This Protocol shall enter into force on the date of deposit of not less than four instruments of ratification or acceptance or accession. The Director-General shall inform all interested States of this date. Instruments deposited after such date shall take effect on the date of their deposit. In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol. Done at Geneva, the sixth day of September 1952, in the English, French and the Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be annexed to the original copy of the Convention. The Director-General shall send certified copies to the signatory States to the Swiss Federal Council, and to the Secretary-General of United Nations for registration. PARTICULAR PROCLAMATIONS, TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ESTABLISHING COPYRIGHT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES The following is based on Treaties in Force, as of January 1, 2004, published by the Department of State: By virtue of Presidential proclamations, treaties, and conventions, the United States has established copyright relations with various other countries. This note is an attempt to present a complete and annotated list of those countries. Proclamations by the President of the United States extending copyright protection upon compliance with the provisions of the United States copyright law, to the works of foreign authors prior to July 1, 1909, were issued pursuant to the Act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stat. 1106) and those issued subsequent to July 1, 1909, were issued under the provisions of the Act of March 4, 1909 (35 Stat. 1075), as amended by the Act of December 18, 1919 (41 Stat. 368) and the Act of September 25, 1941 (55 Stat. 732). The Act of March 4, 1909, as amended, became Title 17 of the United States Code when it was codified and enacted into positive law by the Act of July 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 652). Title 17 of the United States Code was completely revised by the Act of October 19, 1976, (Public Law 94-553, 90 Stat. 2541), which became fully effective on January 1, 1978. A number of the proclamations were preceded or accompanied by exchanges of diplomatic notes which served as the basis for their issuance. The period for compliance with the conditions and formalities prescribed by the copyright law was extended by proclamation with respect to certain works in the case of a number of countries because of the disruption or suspension of facilities essential for such compliance during World War I and World War II. In the case of World War I, this period for compliance was extended by proclamations issued under the Act of December 18, 1919 (41 Stat. 368) to fifteen months after the proclamation, as to works published after August 1, 1914, and before the proclamation of peace. In the case of World War II, this period was extended by proclamations issued under the Act of September 25, 1941 (55 Stat. 732) until such time as terminated or suspended, either by the terms of the proclamation itself or by the issuance of a subsequent proclamation. A number of the proclamations issued under the 1919 Act and all of the proclamations issued under the 1941 Act refer to rights previously granted. KEY TO SYMBOLS PROCLAMATIONS P Proclamation issued pursuant to the Act of March 3, 1891, the Act of March 4, 1909, and as amended, or Title 17 of the United States Code. Pm Proclamation including mechanical reproduction rights for musical works under the United States copyright law. Px Proclamation providing an extension of time under the Act of December 18, 1919, for compliance with the conditions and formalities prescribed by the United States copyright law. Pmx Proclamation specifically including provisions similar to those contained in both "Pm" and "Px" proclamations. Pxx Proclamation providing an extension of time under the Act of September 25, 1941, for compliance with the conditions and formalities prescribed by the United States copyright law. Po Proclamation specifically issued for the purpose of terminating a proclamation issued under the Act of September 25, 1941. TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS BAC Buenos Aires Convention. Convention on literary and artistic copyright between the United States and other American Republics, signed at the Fourth International Conference of American States at Buenos Aires August 11, 1910. U.S. ratification deposited on May 1, 1911. Convention proclaimed by the President of the United States on July 13, 1914. Berne The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of September 9, 1886, as revised at Paris on July 24, 1971. Appearing within parentheses is the latest Act (!27) of the Convention to which the listed country is party. The Berne Convention, as revised at Paris on July 24, 1971, and amended on October 2, 1979, did not enter into force with respect to the United States until March 1, 1989. MCC Mexico City Convention. Convention on literary and artistic copyrights signed at the Second International Conference of American States at Mexico City, January 27, 1902, effective June 30, 1908, to which the United States became a party, effective on that same date. As regards copyright relations with the United States, this convention is considered to have been superseded by adherence of the foreign country and the United States to the Buenos Aires Convention of August 11, 1910. UCC Universal Copyright Convention. Done at Geneva September 6, 1952. Came into force on September 16, 1955. United States became a party, effective on that same date. UCC Universal Copyright Convention revised. rev. Done at Paris July 24, 1971. Came into force on July 10, 1974. United States became a party, effective on that same date. C Bilateral convention. Cm Bilateral convention including provisions covering mechanical reproduction rights for musical works. T Treaty relating in part to copyright. Pg Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms. Done at Geneva October 29, 1971. Entered into force with respect to the United States on March 10, 1974. Pcss Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite. Done at Brussels May 21, 1974. Entered into force with respect to the United States on March 7, 1985. WTO Member of the World Trade Organization, established pursuant to the Marrakesh Agreement of April 15, 1994, to implement the Uruguay Round Agreements. These Agreements affect, among other things, intangible property rights, including copyright and other intellectual property rights. The effective date of United States membership in the WTO is January 1, 1995. A country's membership in the World Trade Organization is effective as of the date indicated. WCT WIPO Copyright Treaty. Adopted at Geneva December 20, 1996. Entered into force March 6, 2002. United States became a party, effective on that same date. WPPT WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty. Adopted at Geneva December 20, 1996. Entered into force May 20, 2002. United States became a party, effective on that same date. PROCLAMATIONS, TREATIES, AND CONVENTIONS ESTABLISHING COPYRIGHT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Country: Albania Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Mar. 6, 1994 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27. Document: WTO Date of, Document: Apr. 15, 1994 Effective Date for Party (!28): Sept. 8, 2000 Reference: 33 ILM 15. Document: WPPT Date of, Document: Dec. 20, 1996 Effective Date for Party (!28): May 20, 2002 Reference: T. Doc. 105-17. Country: Algeria Document: UCC Date of, Document: Sept. 6, 1952 Effective Date for Party (!28): Aug. 28, 1973 Reference: 6 UST 2731. Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Apr. 19, 1998 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27. Document: UCC rev. Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): July 10, 1974 Reference: 25 UST 1341. Country: Andorra Document: UCC Date of, Document: Sept. 6, 1952 Effective Date for Party (!28): Sept. 16, 1955 Reference: 6 UST 2731. Country: Angola Document: WTO Date of, Document: Apr. 15, 1994 Effective Date for Party (!28): Nov. 23, 1996 Reference: 33 ILM 15. Country: Antigua and Barbuda Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Mar. 17, 2000 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27.. Document: WTO Date of, Document: Apr. 15, 1994 Effective Date for Party (!28): Jan. 1, 1995 Reference: 33 ILM 15. Country: Argentina Document: BAC Date of, Document: Aug. 11, 1910 Effective Date for Party (!28): Apr. 19, 1950 Reference: 38 Stat. 1785. Document: Pm Date of, Document: Aug. 23, 1934 Effective Date for Party (!28): Aug. 23, 1934 Reference: 49 Stat. 3413. Document: UCC Date of, Document: Sept. 6, 1952 Effective Date for Party (!28): Feb. 13, 1958 Reference: 6 UST 2731. Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Feb. 19, 2000 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27. Document: Pg (!32) Date of, Document: Oct. 29, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): June 30, 1973 Reference: 25 UST 309. Document: WTO Date of, Document: Apr. 15, 1994 Effective Date for Party (!28): Jan. 1, 1995 Reference: 33 ILM 15. Document: WCT Date of, Document: Dec. 20, 1996 Effective Date for Party (!28): Mar. 6, 2002 Reference: T. Doc. 105-17. Document: WPPT Date of, Document: Dec. 20, 1996 Effective Date for Party (!28): May 20, 2002 Reference: T. Doc. 105-17. Country: Armenia Document: UCC Date of, Document: Sept. 6, 1952 Effective Date for Party (!28): May 27, 1973 Reference: 6 UST 2731. Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Oct. 19, 2000 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27. Document: Pg Date of, Document: Oct. 29, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Jan. 31, 2003 Reference: 25 UST 309. Document: Pcss Date of, Document: May 21, 1974 Effective Date for Party (!28): Dec. 13, 1993 Reference: T. Doc. 98-31. Document: WTO Date of, Document: Apr. 15, 1994 Effective Date for Party (!28): Feb. 5, 2003 Reference: 33 ILM 15. Country: Australia (!1) Document: Pm Date of, Document: Apr. 3, 1918 Effective Date for Party (!28): Mar. 15, 1918 Reference: 40 Stat. 1764. Document: Pxx (!2) Date of, Document: Dec. 29, 1949 Effective Date for Party (!28): Dec. 29, 1949 Reference: 64 Stat. A385. Document: UCC Date of, Document: Sept. 6, 1952 Effective Date for Party (!28): May 1, 1969 Reference: 6 UST 2731. Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Mar. 1, 1978 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27. Document: UCC rev. Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Feb. 28, 1978 Reference: 25 UST 1341. Document: Pg Date of, Document: Oct. 29, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): June 22, 1974 Reference: 25 UST 309. Document: Pcss Date of, Document: May 21, 1974 Effective Date for Party (!28): Oct. 26, 1990 Reference: T. Doc. 98-31. Document: WTO Date of, Document: Apr. 15, 1994 Effective Date for Party (!28): Jan. 1, 1995 Reference: 33 ILM 15. Country: Austria (!3) Document: P Date of, Document: Sept. 20, 1907 Effective Date for Party (!28): Sept. 20, 1907 Reference: 35 Stat. 2155. Document: P Date of, Document: Apr. 9, 1910 Effective Date for Party (!28): July 1, 1909 Reference: 36 Stat. 2685. Document: Px Date of, Document: May 25, 1922 Effective Date for Party (!28): May 25, 1922 Reference: 42 Stat. 2273. Document: Pm Date of, Document: Mar. 11, 1925 Effective Date for Party (!28): Aug. 1, 1920 Reference: 44 Stat. 2571. Document: UCC Date of, Document: Sept. 6, 1952 Effective Date for Party (!28): July 2, 1957 Reference: 6 UST 2731. Document: Pxx Date of, Document: June 15, 1960 Effective Date for Party (!28): June 15, 1960 Reference: 74 Stat. C69. Document: Berne (Paris) Date of, Document: July 24, 1971 Effective Date for Party (!28): Aug. 21, 1982 Reference: T. Doc. 99-27. Document: UCC rev. Date of, D

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