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in civil actions in accordance with the judicial construction of the language in the original section 41(1) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Therefore, the revised language covers civil actions between - Citizens of a State, and citizens of other States and foreign states or citizens or subjects thereof; Citizens of a Territory or the District of Columbia, and foreign states or citizens or subjects thereof; Citizens of different States; Citizens of different Territories; Citizens of a State, and citizens of Territories; Citizens of a State or Territory, and citizens of the District of Columbia; Citizens of a State, and foreign states or citizens or subjects thereof. The revised section removes an uncertainty referred to in the McGarry case, supra, as to whether Congress intended to permit citizens of the Territories or the District of Columbia to sue a State or Territory itself rather than the citizens thereof. The court observed that "Congress could hardly have had such intention." The sentence "The foregoing provisions as to the sum or value of the matter in controversy shall not be construed to apply to any of the cases mentioned in the succeeding paragraphs of this section" was omitted as unnecessary. Those paragraphs are (2)-(28) of said section 41 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which are revised and incorporated in this chapter and, except for those relating to actions against the United States and interpleader, contains no provision as to a sum or value necessary to confer jurisdiction. Consequently the omitted sentence is covered by excluding such requirement. Section 41(1) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., as originally enacted, purported to include all jurisdictional provisions relating to the district courts. Subsequently, many special jurisdictional provisions were enacted and incorporated in other titles of the U.S.C., 1940 ed., as follows: Title Section 7 209 7 210 7 216 7 292 7 499g 7 608a(6) 7 608c(15)(B) 7 610(b)(2) 7 648 7 1175 7 1365-1367 7 1376 7 1508(c) 8 164 8 701 8 903 9 4 9 8 9 9 11 11(a) 11 46 11 205(a)(l) 11 401 11 511 11 512 11 514-516 11 711 11 712 11 811 11 812 11 1011 11 1012 11 1013 11 1200 12 93 12 195 12 632 15 4 15 9 15 15 15 25 15 26 15 31 15 53 15 68e 15 77t 15 77v 15 77vvv 15 78u(e) 15 78u(f) 15 78aa 15 79k(d)(e) 15 79r(f)(g) 15 80a-25 15 80a-34 15 80a-35 15 80a-41(c)(e) 15 80a-43 15 80b-14 15 97 15 99 15 433 15 715d(c) 15 715i 15 717s 15 717u 16 10 16 583e 16 820 16 825m 16 825n 16 825p 17 26 17 34 21 193 21 332 21 355 25 314 25 345 26 3633 26 3800 27 207 29 101 29 103-109 29 160(e) 29 216 29 217 30 188 31 232 33 495 33 918 33 921 35 63 35 66 35 67 35 72a 35 90 38 445 40 257 40 270b 40 361 41 113(b)(2) 42 405(c)(5)(g) 43 546 43 1062 45 56 45 88 45 89 45 153(p) 45 159 45 185 45 228j4 45 228k 45 268 45 355(f) 46 597 46 688 46 711 46 741 et seq. 46 781 et seq. 46 941(c) 46 951 46 954 46 1114(c) 46 1128d 47 11 47 13 47 33 47 36 47 207 47 401 47 406 47 407 48 242 48 245 49 5(8) 49 9 49 16(2) 49 16(9) 49 16(12) 49 17(9) 49 19a(l) 49 20(9) 49 23 49 26(h) 49 41(1)(3) 49 43 49 181(b)(c) 49 305(g) 49 322(b) 49 647 49 916 49 1017 49 1021 50 23 D.C. Code 11-305 - 11-307 D.C. Code 11-309 D.C. Code 11-324 AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 104-317 substituted "$75,000" for "$50,000". 1988 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100-702, Sec. 201(a), substituted "$50,000" for "$10,000" in introductory text. Pub. L. 100-702, Sec. 203(a), inserted at end "For the purposes of this section, section 1335, and section 1441, an alien admitted to the United States for permanent residence shall be deemed a citizen of the State in which such alien is domiciled." Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100-702, Sec. 201(a), substituted "$50,000" for "$10,000". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-702, Sec. 202(a), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "For the purposes of this section and section 1441 of this title, a corporation shall be deemed a citizen of any State by which it has been incorporated and of the State where it has its principal place of business: Provided further, That in any direct action against the insurer of a policy or contract of liability insurance, whether incorporated or unincorporated, to which action the insured is not joined as a party-defendant, such insurer shall be deemed a citizen of the State of which the insured is a citizen, as well as of any State by which the insurer has been incorporated and of the State where it has its principal place of business." 1976 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94-583 substituted "and citizens or subjects of a foreign state;" for ", and foreign states or citizens or subjects thereof; and". Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 94-583 substituted "citizens or subjects of a foreign state are additional parties; and" for "foreign states or citizens or subjects thereof are additional parties". Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 94-583 added par. (4). 1964 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88-439 inserted proviso deeming an insurer of liability insurance, in an action to which the insurer is not joined as a party-defendant, a citizen, of the State of which the insured is a citizen, as well as the State the insurer has been incorporated by and the State where it has its principal place of business. 1958 - Pub. L. 85-554 included costs in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85-554 substituted "$10,000" for "$3,000". Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 85-554 added subsecs. (b) and (c) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d). 1956 - Subsec. (b). Act July 26, 1956, included the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Section 205(b) of Pub. L. 104-317 provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1996]." EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Section 201(b) of title II of Pub. L. 100-702 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to any civil action commenced on or after the 180th day after the date of enactment of this title [Nov. 19, 1988]." Section 202(b) of title II of Pub. L. 100-702 provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to any civil action commenced in or removed to a United States district court on or after the 180th day after the date of enactment of this title [Nov. 19, 1988]." Section 203(b) of title II of Pub. L. 100-702 provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to claims in civil actions commenced in or removed to the United States district courts on or after the 180th day after the date of enactment of this title [Nov. 19, 1988]." EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1976 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 94-583 effective 90 days after Oct. 21, 1976, see section 8 of Pub. L. 94-583, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1602 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1964 AMENDMENT Section 2 of Pub. L. 88-439 provided that: "The amendment made by this Act to section 1332(c), title 28, United States Code, applies only to causes of action arising after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 1964]." EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1958 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 85-554 applicable only in the case of actions commenced after July 25, 1958, see section 3 of Pub. L. 85-554, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title. -SECREF- SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1335, 1367, 1446, 1603 of this title; title 42 section 9613; title 48 sections 1424, 1612, 1822. -End- -CITE- 28 USC Sec. 1333 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 28 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE PART IV - JURISDICTION AND VENUE CHAPTER 85 - DISTRICT COURTS; JURISDICTION -HEAD- Sec. 1333. Admiralty, maritime and prize cases -STATUTE- The district courts shall have original jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts of the States, of: (1) Any civil case of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction, saving to suitors in all cases all other remedies to which they are otherwise entitled. (2) Any prize brought into the United States and all proceedings for the condemnation of property taken as prize. -SOURCE- (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 931; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, Sec. 79, 63 Stat. 101.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1948 ACT Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Secs. 41(3) and 371 (3), (4) (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, Secs. 24, par. 3, 256, pars. 3, 4, 36 Stat. 1091, 1160; Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 97, Secs. 1, 2, 40 Stat. 395; June 10, 1922, ch. 216, Secs. 1, 2, 42 Stat. 634). Section consolidates certain provisions of sections 41(3), 371(3) and 371(4) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Other provisions of sections 41(3) and 371(4), relating to seizures, are incorporated in section 1356 of this title. (See reviser's note thereunder.) The "saving to suitors" clause in sections 41(3) and 371(3) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was changed by substituting the words "any other remedy to which he is otherwise entitled" for the words "the right of a common law remedy where the common law is competent to give it." The substituted language is simpler and more expressive of the original intent of Congress and is in conformity with Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure abolishing the distinction between law and equity. Provisions of section 41(3) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., based on the 1917 and 1922 amendments, relating to remedies under State workmen's compensation laws, were deleted. Such amendments were held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. (See Knickerbocker Ice Co. v. Stewart, 1920, 40 S.Ct. 438, 253 U.S. 149, 64 L.Ed. 834, and State of Washington v. W. C. Dawson & Co., 1924, 44 S.Ct. 302, 264 U.S. 219, 68 L.Ed. 646.) Words "libellant or petitioner" were substituted for "suitors" to describe moving party in admiralty cases. Changes were made in phraseology. 1949 ACT This section amends section 1333(a)(1) of title 28, U.S.C., by substituting "suitors" for "libellant or petitioner" to conform to the language of the law in existence at the time of the enactment of the revision of title 28. AMENDMENTS 1949 - Subd. (1). Act May 24, 1949, substituted "suitors" for "libellant or petitioner". -End- -CITE- 28 USC Sec. 1334 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 28 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE PART IV - JURISDICTION AND VENUE CHAPTER 85 - DISTRICT COURTS; JURISDICTION -HEAD- Sec. 1334. Bankruptcy cases and proceedings -STATUTE- (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the district courts shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction of all cases under title 11. (b) Notwithstanding any Act of Congress that confers exclusive jurisdiction on a court or courts other than the district courts, the district courts shall have original but not exclusive jurisdiction of all civil proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11. (c)(1) Nothing in this section prevents a district court in the interest of justice, or in the interest of comity with State courts or respect for State law, from abstaining from hearing a particular proceeding arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under title 11. (2) Upon timely motion of a party in a proceeding based upon a State law claim or State law cause of action, related to a case under title 11 but not arising under title 11 or arising in a case under title 11, with respect to which an action could not

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