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UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION ONE COLUMBUS CIRCLE, NE SUITE 2-500, SOUTH LOBBY WASHINGTON, DC 20002-8002 (202) 502-4500 FAX (202) 502-4699 October 27, 2005 To all recipients of the Guidelines Manual: As Chair of the United States Sentencing Commission, I am pleased on behalf of the Commission to transmit this edition of the Guidelines Manual, which incorporates new amendments effective November 1, 2005. The 2005 amendments include some substantive, clarifying, and technical revisions to guidelines, policy statements, and commentary. A supplement to Appendix C setting forth guideline amendments effective November 1, 2004, through November 1, 2005, and the reasons for those amendments, also is enclosed. You should already have the existing two-volume set of Appendix C, which chronicles guideline amendments effective November 1, 1987, through November 5, 2003, and the reasons for those amendments. As always, the Commission encourages judges, probation officers, prosecuting and defense attorneys, and other interested individuals to submit suggestions for improving the guidelines. Please send comments to: United States Sentencing Commission, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002- 8002, Attention: Office of Publishing and Public Affairs. Sincerely, Ricardo H. Hinojosa UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION GUIDELINES MANUAL RICARDO H. HINOJOSA Chair RUBEN CASTILLO Vice Chair WILLIAM K. SESSIONS III Vice Chair JOHN R. STEER Vice Chair MICHAEL E. HOROWITZ Commissioner BERYL A. HOWELL Commissioner EDWARD F. REILLY, JR. Commissioner, Ex-officio DEBORAH J. RHODES Commissioner, Ex-officio This document contains the text of the Guidelines Manual incorporating amendments effective January 15, 1988; June 15, 1988; October 15, 1988; November 1, 1989; November 1, 1990; November 1, 1991; November 27, 1991; November 1, 1992; November 1, 1993; September 23, 1994; November 1, 1994; November 1, 1995; November 1, 1996; May 1, 1997; November 1, 1997; November 1, 1998; May 1, 2000; November 1, 2000; December 16, 2000; May 1, 2001; November 1, 2001; November 1, 2002; January 25, 2003; April 30, 2003; October 27, 2003; November 1, 2003; November 5, 2003; November 1, 2004; and November 1, 2005. ii RECOMMENDED CITATION FORM United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines, Policy Statements, and Commentary may be cited as follows: I. Full citation form United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, §3E1.1 (Nov. 2005) II. Abbreviated citation form [using USSG as the designated short form for United States Sentencing Guidelines] ! a guideline — USSG §2D1.1 ! a policy statement — USSG §6A1.1, p.s. ! commentary designated as an application note — USSG §2B1.1, comment. (n.1) ! commentary designated as background — USSG §2B1.1, comment. (backg'd.) ! commentary designated as an introduction — USSG Ch.3, Pt.D, intro. comment. ! an appendix to the Guidelines Manual — USSG App. C iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER ONE - Authority and General Application Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part A-Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part B-General Application Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 CHAPTER TWO - Offense Conduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Part A-Offenses Against the Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1. Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2. Assault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3. Criminal Sexual Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4. Kidnapping, Abduction, or Unlawful Restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5. Air Piracy and Offenses Against Mass Transportation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 6. Threatening or Harassing Communications, Stalking, and Domestic Violence . . . . . . . . . . 69 Part B-Basic Economic Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 1. Theft, Embezzlement, Receipt of Stolen Property, Property Destruction, and Offenses Involving Fraud or Deceit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 2. Burglary and Trespass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 3. Robbery, Extortion, and Blackmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 4. Commercial Bribery and Kickbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5. Counterfeiting and Infringement of Copyright or Trademark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6. Motor Vehicle Identification Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Part C-Offenses Involving Public Officials and Violations of Federal Election Campaign Laws . . 120 Part D-Offenses Involving Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 1. Unlawful Manufacturing, Importing, Exporting, Trafficking, or Possession; Continuing Criminal Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 2. Unlawful Possession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 3. Regulatory Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Part E-Offenses Involving Criminal Enterprises and Racketeering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 1. Racketeering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 2. Extortionate Extension of Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 3. Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 4. Trafficking in Contraband Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 5. Labor Racketeering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Part F-[Deleted] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Part G-Offenses Involving Commercial Sex Acts, Sexual Exploitation of Minors, and Obscenity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 1. Promoting A Commercial Sex Act or Prohibited Sexual Conduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 2. Sexual Exploitation of a Minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 3. Obscenity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Part H-Offenses Involving Individual Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 1. Civil Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 2. Political Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 3. Privacy and Eavesdropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 4. Peonage, Involuntary Servitude, and Slave Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Part I-[Not Used] iv Part J-Offenses Involving the Administration of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Part K-Offenses Involving Public Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 1. Explosives and Arson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 2. Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 3. Mailing Injurious Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Part L-Offenses Involving Immigration, Naturalization, and Passports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 1. Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 2. Naturalization and Passports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Part M-Offenses Involving National Defense and Weapons of Mass Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 1. Treason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 2. Sabotage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 3. Espionage and Related Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 4. Evasion of Military Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 5. Prohibited Financial Transactions and Exports, and Providing Material Support to Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 6. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons and Materials, and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Part N-Offenses Involving Food, Drugs, Agricultural Products, and Odometer Laws . . . . . . . . . . . 269 1. Tampering with Consumer Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 2. Food, Drugs, and Agricultural Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 3. Odometer Laws and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Part O-[Not Used] Part P-Offenses Involving Prisons and Correctional Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Part Q-Offenses Involving the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 1. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 2. Conservation and Wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Part R-Antitrust Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Part S-Money Laundering and Monetary Transaction Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Part T-Offenses Involving Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 1. Income Taxes, Employment Taxes, Estate Taxes, Gift Taxes, and Excise Taxes (Other Than Alcohol, Tobacco, and Customs Taxes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 2. Alcohol and Tobacco Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 3. Customs Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 4. Tax Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Part U-[Not Used] Part V-[Not Used] Part W-[Not Used] Part X-Other Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 1. Conspiracies, Attempts, Solicitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 2. Aiding and Abetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 3. Accessory After the Fact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Misprision of Felony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331135 5. All Other Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 6. Offenses Involving Use of a Minor in a Crime of Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Part Y-[Not Used] v Part Z-[Not Used] CHAPTER THREE - Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Part A-Victim-Related Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Part B-Role in the Offense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Part C-Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Part D-Multiple Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Part E-Acceptance of Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 CHAPTER FOUR - Criminal History and Criminal Livelihood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Part A-Criminal History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Part B-Career Offenders and Criminal Livelihood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 CHAPTER FIVE - Determining the Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Part A-Sentencing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Part B-Probation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Part C-Imprisonment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Part D-Supervised Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Part E-Restitution, Fines, Assessments, Forfeitures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Part F-Sentencing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Part G-Implementing the Total Sentence of Imprisonment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Part H-Specific Offender Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Part I-[Not Used] Part J-Relief From Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Part K-Departures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 1. Substantial Assistance to Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 2. Other Grounds for Departure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 3. Early Disposition Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 CHAPTER SIX - Sentencing Procedures and Plea Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Part A-Sentencing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Part B-Plea Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 CHAPTER SEVEN - Violations of Probation and Supervised Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Part A-Introduction to Chapter Seven . .

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